比特币源码分析:utxo刷盘

By Copernicus

utxo的刷盘逻辑主要在txdb.cpp中实现,主要是 CoinsViewDB::batchwrite这个函数。下面我们来分析一下:

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bool CCoinsViewDB::BatchWrite(CCoinsMap &mapCoins, const uint256 &hashBlock) {
CDBBatch batch(db);
size_t count = 0;
size_t changed = 0;
for (CCoinsMap::iterator it = mapCoins.begin(); it != mapCoins.end();) {
if (it->second.flags & CCoinsCacheEntry::DIRTY) {
CoinEntry entry(&it->first);
if (it->second.coin.IsSpent()) {
batch.Erase(entry);
} else {
batch.Write(entry, it->second.coin);
}
changed++;
}
count++;
CCoinsMap::iterator itOld = it++;
mapCoins.erase(itOld);
}
if (!hashBlock.IsNull()) {
batch.Write(DB_BEST_BLOCK, hashBlock);
}

bool ret = db.WriteBatch(batch);
LogPrint("coindb", "Committed %u changed transaction outputs (out of %u) "
"to coin database...\n",
(unsigned int)changed, (unsigned int)count);
return ret;
}

在前面我们介绍过 CDBWrapper主要是对 leveldb的一个简单封装,定义一个CDBWrapper db;我们拿着 db 就可以实现相应的操作。
CDBWrapper.png

接下来迭代mapCoins,并填充其值,这里最主要的就是作为k-v数据库的leveldb中的key与value如何获得:

key

CoinEntry是一个辅助工具类。

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struct CoinEntry {
COutPoint *outpoint;
char key;
CoinEntry(const COutPoint *ptr)
: outpoint(const_cast<COutPoint *>(ptr)), key(DB_COIN) {}

template <typename Stream> void Serialize(Stream &s) const {
s << key;
s << outpoint->hash;
s << VARINT(outpoint->n);
}
};

key指向的是outpoint,具体结构如下:
key

我们将序列化后的值当作key,作为entry的参数,同时作为db.write的key。

关于db.write和db.WriteBatch二者之间的联系,前面已经详细分析。

value

value的值就是 coin 序列化后的值,而 coin 又包含了txout,如下:

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class Coin {
//! Unspent transaction output.
CTxOut out;

//! Whether containing transaction was a coinbase and height at which the
//! transaction was included into a block.
uint32_t nHeightAndIsCoinBase;

同样的,我们进行序列化并使用CTxOutCompressor对txout进行压缩,REF是一个宏定义,是非const转换,我们首先断言这个币是否被消费:

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template <typename Stream> void Serialize(Stream &s) const {
assert(!IsSpent());
::Serialize(s, VARINT(nHeightAndIsCoinBase));
::Serialize(s, CTxOutCompressor(REF(out)));
}

txout主要包含:

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class CTxOut {
public:
Amount nValue;
CScript scriptPubKey;

对nValue和scriptPubKey采用了不同的压缩方式来进行序列化,如下:

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class CTxOutCompressor {
private:
CTxOut &txout;
public:
template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
inline void SerializationOp(Stream &s, Operation ser_action) {
if (!ser_action.ForRead()) {
uint64_t nVal = CompressAmount(txout.nValue);
READWRITE(VARINT(nVal));
} else {
uint64_t nVal = 0;
READWRITE(VARINT(nVal));
txout.nValue = DecompressAmount(nVal);
}
CScriptCompressor cscript(REF(txout.scriptPubKey));
READWRITE(cscript);
}
};

这时候我们就拿到了db.write的value值,这时候我们通过for循环,不断迭代,将值写入磁盘。